How do biodegradable plastic bags degrade?

Currently, there is no unified international standardized definition for biodegradable plastic bags worldwide, but the common definition of biodegradable plastic bags is : Plastics whose chemical structures undergo significant changes under specific environmental conditions, and whose material property changes can be determined using standard testing methods. Bags made of biodegradable plastics have molecular chains that can be biodegraded by microorganisms in waste disposal systems or natural environments, eventually turning into carbon dioxide (or methane) and water, entering the biological combined cycle, completely absorbed by the environment, leaving no polymers. 。

Biodegradation Mechanism of Biodegradable Plastic Bags

Most synthetic pure polymers have the ability to resist microbial erosion. However, additives (such as plasticizers, lubricants, pigments, and antioxidants) reduce this ability. Residual fatty acids in plasticizers, such as stearic acid esters, can be biodegraded by microorganisms, leading to the destruction of the polymer surface, properties, and even the basic structure. It is known that the degradation of natural polymers by microorganisms is accomplished through enzymes produced by biosynthesis. These enzymes can be located on the cell wall or exist in the protoplasm of the cell. Some enzymes can penetrate the surrounding environment, while others remain within the cell and are only released when the cell is dissolved or mechanically broken. Enzymes have a highly specific catalytic ability for biochemical reactions, proceeding rapidly under suitable physiological conditions.

There are two methods for the degradation of biodegradable plastic bags, which can be divided into (1) Biophysical degradation method: When microorganisms attack and erode polymeric materials, the hydrolysis, ionization, or protonation of polymer components due to the growth of biological cells causes them to split into oligomeric fragments. The polymer molecular structure remains unchanged. This is a degradation process caused by the biophysical action of the polymer. (2) Biochemical degradation method: Due to the direct action of microorganisms or enzymes, the polymer is decomposed or oxidatively degraded into small molecules until it is finally decomposed into carbon dioxide and water. This degradation method belongs to the biochemical degradation method. 。

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